CRASH COURSE-ISH VIDEO FOR WEEK NINE...

WEEKLY VIDEO...THE VIKINGS.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lc225HP2psw

IN WEEK 9 WE HAVE DISCUSSION QUESTIONS AND THE CRASH COURSE RESPONSE DUE.

CHAPTER DISCUSSION QUESTIONS...CHAPTERS 7/8/9...

JUST FOR THE SAKE OF CLARITY, we will not count the questions from Chapters 7/8 or from Chapter 9, so you do not need to turn those in...if you did them, youmay give them to me if you would like.

LECTURE OUTLINE: Kingdom of Ghana, the Tang Dynasty, the Abbasids…and CSUB: Four Examples of the Dynastic Artistic Tradition

I.               THE KINGDOM OF GHANA

“Salarium Argentum”

Griots… Jeli…Anansi

What does the Anansi story teach us about early peoples and the way they construct meaning?

…READ PRINTED OUT STORY…

II.             THE TANG   (618–907 ce)

Tang Emperors:

Li Yuan or Gaozu (621)

            “Equal” distribution of land.

Li Shimin or Taizong  (626)

            Civil servants and exams

Li Shi or Kao Tsung  (649)

            Conquered Korean peninsula 

Empress Wu Zhao (690)

                        The Zhang Brothers

 “With a heart like a serpent and a nature like that of a wolf,” one contemporary summed up, “she favored evil sycophants and destroyed good and loyal officials…She killed her sister, butchered her elder brothers, murdered the ruler, poisoned her mother. She is hated by gods and men alike.”

Thinking like historians, what else might explain how she is depicted and why she is represented in this way?

III.           The Abbasids: 750-1258

Caliph al-Mansur (754-755)

Baghdad… Circular City of Peace  (madinat al-salam) founded in 762

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-PIRqtsVOM

House of Wisdom

Abbasid Science

The Quran is clear: “The scholar’s ink is more sacred than the blood of martyrs”, while the Prophet promoted medical research preaching that “For every disease, Allah has given a cure.”

773                        Brahmagupta’s Siddhanta—

Indian book of mathematics

GENDER AMONG THE ABBASIDS

Joan Wallach Scott:

“Gender is a primary way of signifying relationships of power. Changes in the organization of social relationships always correspond to changes in representations of power…Political history has, in a sense, been enacted on the field of gender. It is a field that seems fixed but whose meaning is contested and in flux.”

Qiyan=slave girls

Where did they come from?

Abu al-Faraj al-Isbahani (who died in 967), related this story: “An old woman who had been one of the caliph Wathiq’ slavegirls said, ‘I was one of the girls that al-Muqtadir liked and took pleasure in. He was one of God’s most accomplished creatures when it came to playing the lute and he had a most moving voice, though he did his best to keep it secret. He would only play and sing when he was alone with his slavegirls, his intimate companions, and with me.”

You pages, pour me out a potion
Pour me to drink her soft, sweet kisses
I suffer drought; its healing draught
Is drinking from her moist fresh lips.
The smiling corners of her mouth are brilliant as chamomile;
Her speech is like embroidery, a mantle with embroidery
Lodged in the core and kernel of
My heart, she is insatiable.
She said to me: 'I'll meet with you a few nights hence.'
But day and night will wear away, and nothing new will come myw ay.
She is content without me; my
Portion is sighs to gnaw a heart of steel.

~ Bashar ibn Burd, Islamic poet

My pleasures were long-lasting
but now He firmly holds my hand
within His law.
Today, wine is a crime,
and you,
are against His law;
but when I remember
this and that ... and your smile,
I must leave my Lord behind forever.

ANONYMOUS…

O Lord, why is it that Ibn Ramin has women with bewitching eyes whilst all ye have are nags

                                    Anonymous Poem used as Advertising

Caliph al-Amin and the Ghulamiya

IV. Conclusion:

ESSAY EMAIL...

The following email went out, but I also post it here just in case...

Greetings,

Remember, your “Wonders” essay is due on Tuesday, To turn it in, you need to 1. bring a paper copy to class, and 2. Submit the same version of the paper to turnitin.com by midnight. (Go to to www.turnitin.com  The Class id   9565736 and the Password  is history)

I also wanted to remind you of a couple of final thoughts on the essay.

First, cite the information in any acceptable citation format: APA, MLA, Chicago Manual. You must cite both quotes and information and paraphrases.

Second, remember that the most important element of this project is the analysis. This is where your informed opinion and your deep study of the object/wonder of your choice combine to make a new, original, and fascinating claim. I know that this is the most difficult part, but it should also be the most fruitful; it represents the height of college-level study to go beyond description, to create to your own original claim and back it up with evidence.

Third, be sure that you or someone else reads over your final draft before you print it out and turn it in. There should not be a single typo, misspelled word, or simple mistake.  As a professional piece of work that you are submitting, the final draft should be polished. We mentioned in class that the final “look” is not important (cover page, format of citations, format of title page), but the final state of your paper is: polish, re-read, get help with the re-reading.

I look forward to seeing what you have found in your explorations of these historical wonders.

See you Tuesday—or in the office tomorrow from 10-1!

Dr. S

PAPER REMINDER

• 1. Bring one copy to class on Tuesday.
• 2. Email a copy to www.turnitin.com
• id   9565736
• password  history

Remember, that analysis part is the most important. When you have discussions in class, you are almost never talking about WHAT happened. You are almost always talking about MEANING. That is the essence of the analysis section. Tell me what the monument means. 

THE BIRTH OF ISLAM...

TWO LECTURES ON ISLAM…

Why?

1. It is relevant…

     

2. In general, we are ignorant…

…and at times intolerant.

“Every empire, however, tells itself and the world that it is unlike all other empires, that its mission is not to plunder and control but to educate and liberate. These ideas are by no means shared by the people who inhabit that empire, but that hasn't prevented the U.S. propaganda and policy apparatus from imposing its imperial perspective on Americans, whose sources of information about Arabs and Islam are woefully inadequate.”

--Edward Said in LAT, 2003

“From the beginning of Western speculation about the Orient, the one thing the orient could not do was to represent itself. Evidence of the Orient was credible only after it had passed through and been made firm by the refining fire of the Orientalist’s work.”

--Edward Said, Orientalism (1978)

3. It is historically important…

There were three possible candidates to be the HEIRS OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE:

--The church…

--Byzantine Empire…the eastern Roman Empire

--Islam…the Arab World

Islam would take up the inheritance of the Roman and Byzantine Empires.

--the translation and full elaboration of Greek academics: science, medicine, literature, art.

Evidence of the significance of Islam within the classical legacy.

(the classical world continued to influence thinking about science and society largely because of Islam)

THE BIRTH OF ISLAM…

I. The Context of the Arab Peninsula

Isaiah 21:1 “The burden of the deserts of the sea, as whirlwinds passed through it, so it cometh from the desert from a terrible land.”

Arabia Felix…happy Arabia

Bedouin…kinship…

II. Muhammad   (c. 570–632)

-- Khadija

--visited by the Archangel Gabriel:

-via=p..ouse of Khaddify, in Lyholy place and got rid of all of the other faiths... pay a fee, and then leave.  would relish he"Recite! In the name of thy lord."

      Quran  “recitation”

                                          …Hadith

      Mecca…

                  Quraish

Medina…

                  Then back to Mecca: 630

                              Cleansing the Ka’aba

      The Five Pillars of Islam;

                  1. Profession of Faith

"La ilah illa Allah. Muhammad rasool Allah."

لآ اِلَهَ اِلّا اللّهُ مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُوُل اللّهِ

“There is no God but Allah. Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah”

                  2. Prayer

                  3. Charity—Zakat

                  4. Observe Ramadan

                  5. Hajj—pilgrimage (if healthy and enough money)

III. The Arab Conquests

Begin to spread north and northwest…

The Persians had attacked Constantinople in 626…both Persia and Byzantines were weak and war-weary.

      Muslim raids… razzia…

                  …become Muslim conquest.

They conquer Damascus, Jerusalem, Alexandria.

Battle of Qadasiya, 637, Muslims attacked the Sassanid Empire in Iraq…

…Cyprus conquered in 649;

…Rhodes in 654.

…Battle of the Masts in 655. (defeat Byz at sea)

…The eastern part of Iraq conquered in 651-653;

…Armenia conquered in 653-655.

Life under the Arab-Muslim Empire:

Interpret these two quotes…

“...only one possible explanation remains for the Arab success-and that was the spirit of Islam... The generous terms that the invading armies usually offered made their faith accessible to the conquered populations. And if it was a new and upstart faith, its administration by simple and honest men was preferable to the corruption and persecution that were the norm in more civilized empires.”

George F. Nafziger, Mark W. Walton, Islam at War: A History, 2003

“In the wake of the Ridda wars, and of the Arabs' sudden conquest of most of the Near East, the new religion became identified more sharply as a monotheism for the Arab people.

As is well known, the Arabs made no attempt to impose their faith on their new subjects, and at first in fact discouraged conversions on the part of non-Arabs.”

Jonathan P. Berkey, The Formation of Islam: Religion and Society in the Near East, 600-1800, 2003

Fight those who believe not in Allah nor the Last Day, nor hold that forbidden which hath been forbidden by Allah and His Messenger, nor acknowledge the religion of Truth, (even if they are) of the People of the Book, until they pay the jizya with willing submission, and feel themselves subdued.  Quran 9:29

III. The First Muslim Civil War

POWER STRUGGLE WITHIN ISLAM…

The Caliphs…                   Abu Bakr vs. Ali

                                                      Omar vs. Ali

Uthman vs. Ali

Uthman assassinated, Ali now Caliph…

                              =

Civil War

Winner? Mu’awiya

Mu’awiya moves capital from Medina to Damascus…

Resistance to the Umayyad…

Shi’a…11 Imams and then occultation.

IV. Conclusion:

Back to the question of relevance…

KEY TERMS CHAPTER 7 AND 8

CHAPTER 7
Silk Roads
Srivijaya
Borobodur
Angkor Wat
Swahili
Thorn Karlsfeni
pochteca

CHAPTER 8
Sui dynasty
Tang
Song
Hangzhou
Xiongu
Khitan/Jurchen People
Silla
Shotoku Taishi
Izumi Shikibu
Emperor Wendi

CRASH COURSE WEEK SEVEN

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TpcbfxtdoI8

Islam, the Quran, and the Five Pillars All Without a Flamewar: Crash Course World History #13

LECTURE NOTES: The Fourth Century--the most important 100 years that we know almost nothing about:

1. Constantine accepts Christianity

2. The Axsum (or Axum) Empire at its Height

3. Mayans spread their civilization

4. The Classical age in India...Gupta Dynasty

1. Constantine accepts Christianity

Constantine had been a pagan monotheist who worshiped the sun god Sol Invictus.

…the night before the battle, In hoc signo vinces shines above the sun.

The Battle of the Milvian Bridge 312 CE

Eusebius produces a Christian Caesar

The Council of Nicea 325 CE   (in Turkey)

Homo Ousion vs. Homoi Ousion

Christianity declared the official religion of Rome in 380 CE…

How does being an official state religion change a religion?

The Decline and Fall of Rome:

Gibbon: “If the decline of the Roman empire was hastened by the conversion of Constantine, his victorious religion broke the violence of the fall, and mollified the ferocious temper of the conquerors."

2. The Axsum(or Axum) Empire at its Height

Ethiopian Orthodox Church

3. Mayans spread their civilization

         300-900=the Classical Period of Mesoamerica

…but first, how the gods created the Maya.

Pitz

There are more than 500 ball courts in Guatemala.          

What does it mean that they put so much importance on sport?

4. The Classical Age in India...Gupta Dynasty

319 CE Chandra Gupta names himself King of Kings…

Samudra Gupta takes and leads for 45 years…

HISTORICAL SIDE NOTE:

The Gupta Dynasty also gave us Vedic Hindu philosopher Vātsyāyana who created the Kama Sutra:

CONCLUSION…

FIND THE THREAD…